Puberty

 Puberty is a transitional phase that almost everyone experiences. It is a natural and fundamental process of growing up and maturing. This period encompasses a range of changes, making it important to grasp the factors driving these changes and their impact on individuals.

The uncontrollable surge in hormone production triggers puberty. It is crucial to understand that puberty is not only concerned with physiological changes but also affects how you feel and think about yourself and the world around you. 

Puberty is marked by a variety of physiological changes, including:

Hormone release:

Hormones are usually formed in glands before the onset of puberty.

Therefore, when puberty is reached, these hormones are released in the body as shown in the image (right): 

Change in primary sexual characteristics:

Male:

  • Testicles grow in size and start making sperm.

  • The penis grows in size and shape.

  • The prostate gland grows and becomes more active.

  • Occasional erection and sperm ejaculation.

Female:

  • Breast development and growth.

  • Growth in the uterus to support pregnancy.

  • Growth in the vaginal walls makes intercourse easier.

  • Ovaries mature and start producing eggs (Ova).

  • Vaginal discharge increases.

Change in secondary sexual characteristics:

Male: 

  • Facial hair growth (mustache, beard).

  • Broadening of thorax and shoulders.

  • Hair growth on the genital area.

  • Appearance of Adam’s apple and voice changes (gets deeper).

  • Increased sweating and body odor.

  • Facial changes and jawline become more defined.

Female:

  • Growth of hair and labia size.

  • The voice becomes higher in pitch.

  • Hips broaden.

Individuals with a female reproductive system will typically experience their first menstruation approximately one to two years after the onset of physical changes. It is a natural process that prepares the body for pregnancy. When individuals do not become pregnant, the lining of the uterus, which is made up of blood and nutrients, sheds. This shedding results in the monthly menstrual period.

Amidst these physiological changes, puberty brings a wave of emotional changes:

Insecurity and self-consciousness:

It is completely normal for individuals to feel insecure and self-conscious. Sometimes, accepting these transformations can be challenging. It is essential to emphasize that each person has their own pace of development. It is okay to take your time and navigate these changes at your own speed. Family and friends must provide support during this phase.

Mood swings:

Let us also normalize mood swings! Hormonal production is at its peak level and can significantly impact the emotional state of individuals, leading to shifts from happiness to sadness and vice versa.

Sensitivity and irritability:

Being sensitive and irritable is part of the journey to adulthood and is also driven by the fluctuation of hormones. Therefore, feeling frustrated is completely normal, and it is equally crucial not to harbor guilt. Individuals can become aware of these changes and improve their ability to manage emotions and express themselves.

Feeling differently about friends:

This is a natural part of the developmental process but it does not indicate that friendships are ending. These changes result from self-exploration and hormonal changes, leading to deeper emotional connections and, in some cases, the development of romantic feelings for certain individuals. Embracing these transformations with open-mindedness and empathy can foster meaningful connections that endure the transformative journey of adolescence.

Peer pressure:

As you and your friends go through the same transitional phase of adolescence, you are in a period of self-discovery and exploration. It is essential to remember that each person's life experiences are unique, and what suits one person may not suit another. During this time, your friends might encourage you to try various activities, some of which may seem risky, or they may suggest certain changes in your appearance or way of speaking. Before diving into any of these activities, take a moment to reflect and consider whether they align with your values and comfort. It is important not to fear the possibility of friends distancing themselves if you choose not to participate in certain activities. True friends will respect your decisions.

Patience, self-acceptance, and understanding are key.

Puberty is a phase of growth, both physically and emotionally, and navigating it with support and self-assurance is essential for a healthy and positive transition into adulthood.

Written by:

Fatima Khalil | Sexual health coordinator

Fatima Khalil is the coordinator of sexual health education and outreach at Marsa Sexual Health Center and is currently pursuing a degree in child education. With more than 7 years of experience in the field of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, she has developed several guidelines and educational materials on proper services provision, sexually transmitted infections, and women's health.