Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects women in their reproductive age. It is a condition characterized by the excessive production of androgens (sex hormones responsible for some male traits) by the ovaries. The term ‘polycystic’ refers to the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that develop in the ovaries due to this condition. The high level of androgens leads to irregular menstrual cycles and may lead to a lack of ovulation.

PCOS - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Causes:

The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown, but it is often linked to:

  • Family history of PCOS.

  • Obesity.

  • Abnormal hormone levels in the body, including high levels of androgens and/or insulin or people living with type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms:  

The symptoms of PCOS vary between people and may evolve over time. They may include:

  • Irregular, heavy, long, or absent menstrual periods.

  • Hyperandrogenism: elevated levels of androgens that can cause symptoms like acne, oily skin, excess hair growth, and male-pattern baldness.

  • Polycystic ovaries: The ovaries may contain multiple small follicles that appear as "cysts" on ultrasounds.

  • Insulin resistance: the muscles, fat, and liver cells do not respond well to insulin. In general, insulin controls glucose levels in our bodies.

  • Weight gain.

  • Difficulty getting pregnant.

  • Anxiety and depression.

  • Negative body image.

Diagnosis:

Clinical signs, medical history, blood tests, and polycystic ovaries on the ultrasound.

Treatment:

PCOS cannot be cured but the treatments focus on managing the symptoms and reducing the risk of associated health problems. PCOS treatments include:

  • Lifestyle and diet modifications to improve the symptoms and reduce insulin resistance.

  • Hormonal birth control pills for the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

  • Anti-androgen medications to control excess hair growth and acne.

  • Fertility treatment for women trying to conceive.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition for women and people with ovaries. More info about PCOS in this video, check it out!

Animation & artwork: Mabelle Sawan

Written by:

Cristel Lahoud | Sexual health educator, midwife

Cristel Lahoud is a sexual health educator at Marsa, holding a Bachelor's degree in Midwifery and currently pursuing a Master's degree in Clinical Psychology. Her profound dedication lies in raising awareness and promoting advocacy for both sexual and reproductive health.