Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by a vaginal bacterial imbalance. Normally, the vagina maintains a delicate balance of different types of bacteria. BV occurs when harmful bacteria overgrow and beneficial bacteria decrease.

Causes: 

The exact cause of BV is not fully understood, but certain factors can increase the risk of its development:

  • Multiple sexual partners or a new sexual partner.

  • Douching or using strong vaginal hygiene products.

  • Using intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception.

  • Smoking.

Symptoms:  

BV can be asymptomatic for some people, but some symptoms may be:

  • A thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge with a distinct ‘fishy’ odor.

  • Vaginal itching or irritation.

  • Burning sensation during urination.

Diagnosis:

Physical examination and vaginal swab for testing to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment and prevention:

Typically, treatment involves prescribed antibiotics administered orally, topically (gels or creams), or through intravaginal suppositories.

Sexual partners do not usually need to be treated unless they are experiencing symptoms.

To reduce the risk of recurrent BV, it is recommended to:

  • Avoid douching, as it can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal bacteria.

  • Use condoms. 

  • Avoid using scented products or harsh soaps in the vaginal area.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

Written by:

Cristel Lahoud | Sexual health educator, midwife

Cristel Lahoud is a sexual health educator at Marsa, holding a Bachelor's degree in Midwifery and currently pursuing a Master's degree in Clinical Psychology. Her profound dedication lies in raising awareness and promoting advocacy for both sexual and reproductive health.